Implementing user-specified transaction parameters for transferring digital content items amongst users

ABSTRACT

A computing system and/or network environment in which users can transfer (or initiate transfer of) digital content items to other users in accordance with a variety of transaction parameters that are specified by the user.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a Continuation of co-pending U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/930,603 filed Jun. 28, 2013, the entire contents of whichare incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments described herein relate to implementing user-specifiedtransaction parameters for transferring digital content items amongstusers.

BACKGROUND

Digital content has become pervasive, in that consumers can now purchasevarious types of digital content items from numerous network or onlinesources. The distribution of digital content often includes programmaticcontrols to preclude users from distributing the content themselves.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a system for enabling a user to transfer a right ofpossession to a digital content item to another user in accordance withone or more user-specified transaction parameters, according to anembodiment.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a mobile computing device in accordancewith examples described herein.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example device system to provide an interface tospecify one or more transaction parameters for transferring e-books toother users, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example method for providing e-books withprogrammatic controls to enable users to re-transfer the e-books inaccordance with user-specified transaction parameters, according to anembodiment.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example method for operating a computing device inorder to enable a user to specify transaction parameters for theretransfer of an e-book, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a transaction interface for enabling auser to specify transaction parameters for generating an offer totransfer an e-book to another user, according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments described herein provide a computing system and/or networkenvironment in which users can transfer (or initiate transfer of)digital content items to other users in accordance with a variety oftransaction parameters that are specified by the user. Among otherexamples, the user can specify a type of transaction (e.g., sale, loador exchange), price or price range, and schedule for when thetransaction can be completed.

According to one or more embodiments, a computing device including a setof memory resources, one or more processors, and a network interface.The memory resource including instruction memory that stores a set ofinstructions. The memory resources also include a data store that storesa collection of digital content items. The one or more processors useinstructions stored in the memory to communicate with a network serviceusing the network interface. In communicating with the network service,an identifier is provided to the network service that associates thecomputing device with an account. A user-interface is generated forconfiguring a transaction for transferring the right of possession toselect digital content items. From a user selection made through theuser-interface, a digital content item is identified from a user'slibrary of digital content items. Additionally, a transaction type isidentified from the input of the user. The transaction type maycorrespond to one of a permanent transfer or a temporary transfer. Atransfer in the right of possession of the selected digital content itemis implemented, in part by performing: (i) if the transaction type istemporary, disable the selected digital content item on the computingdevice item until a predetermined condition is satisfied; or (ii) if thetransaction type is permanent, delete or disable the selected digitalcontent item on the computing device.

In still another embodiment, a programmatic locking mechanism isprovided in connection with a digital content item. The programmaticlocking mechanism enables at least a portion of the digital content itemto be locked to preclude user access, or unlocked to allow user access.A request can be processed from a first user to transfer the right ofpossession to the digital content item in accordance with one or moreterms specified by the first user. In response to receiving the request,the programmatic locking mechanism is controlled to lock at least theportion of the digital content item on one or more computing devicesassociated with an account of the first user in accordance with the oneor more terms specified by the first user.

As used herein, a “digital content item” can be provided in the form ofone or more files that include content (e.g., content portion). Digitalcontent items can also include various kinds of metadata (e.g., metadataportion), including metadata for providing a visual representation ofthe digital content item. With respect to examples described herein,digital content items can include, for example, audio playback contentitems (e.g., songs), video playback content items (e.g., televisionshows, movies, music videos), e-books, electronic magazines, digitalcomic books and multimedia games. While numerous embodiments describedherein make reference to e-books, it should be appreciated that e-booksare just one example of a digital content item for use with examples asdescribed, and embodiments described herein are applicable to digitalcontent items other than e-books, such as songs (or albums), videos(e.g., movies, television shows, video clips, music videos, etc.), orother works that can be embodied in a digital medium.

“E-books” are a form of an electronic publication that can be viewed oncomputing devices with suitable functionality. Multi-function devices,such as cellular-telephony or messaging devices, can utilize specializedapplications (e.g., e-reader apps) to view e-books. Still further, somedevices (sometimes labeled as “e-readers”) can be centric towardscontent viewing, and e-book viewing in particular.

As used herein, a transfer in the right of possession is intended tomean that the right of a given user to enjoy or otherwise consume acontent portion of a digital content item is transferable. A transfer inthe right of ownership to a particular digital content item canconstitute a transfer in the right of possession. However, many examplesdescribed herein recognize that consumers do not often purchase trueownership to individual content items, as various digital rightsmanagement rules and laws preclude the user from truly owning apurchased copy of a digital content item. For simplicity, some examplesmay be described in the context of purchasing a digital content item(such as an e-book), and such example should be read in context in whichwhat is actually purchased is a right of possession that permits theuser to enjoy or otherwise consume (e.g. read, playback, etc.) a digitalcontent item. When reference is made to a “transferred” digital contentitem, it is intended to mean that a right to possession of at least acontent portion of the digital content item has been transferred. Termssuch as “resell” are intended as an example for the transfer in theright of possession to at least the content portion of a digital contentitem.

One or more embodiments described herein provide that methods,techniques and actions performed by a computing device are performedprogrammatically, or as a computer-implemented method. Programmaticallymeans through the use of code, or computer-executable instructions. Aprogrammatically performed step may or may not be automatic.

One or more embodiments described herein may be implemented usingprogrammatic modules or components. A programmatic module or componentmay include a program, a subroutine, a portion of a program, or softwareor a hardware component capable of performing one or more stated tasksor functions. As used herein, a module or component can exist on ahardware component independently of other modules or components.Alternatively, a module or component can be a shared element or processof other modules, programs or machines.

Furthermore, one or more embodiments described herein may be implementedthrough instructions that are executable by one or more processors.These instructions may be carried on a computer-readable medium.Machines shown or described with figures below provide examples ofprocessing resources and computer-readable mediums on which instructionsfor implementing embodiments of the invention can be carried and/orexecuted. In particular, the numerous machines shown with embodiments ofthe invention include processor(s) and various forms of memory forholding data and instructions. Examples of computer-readable mediumsinclude permanent memory storage devices, such as hard drives onpersonal computers or servers. Other examples of computer storagemediums include portable storage units, such as CD or DVD units, flashor solid state memory (such as carried on many cell phones and consumerelectronic devices) and magnetic memory. Computers, terminals, networkenabled devices (e.g., mobile devices such as cell phones) are allexamples of machines and devices that utilize processors, memory, andinstructions stored on computer-readable mediums. Additionally,embodiments may be implemented in the form of computer-programs, or acomputer usable carrier medium capable of carrying such a program.

System and Device Description

FIG. 1 illustrates a system for enabling a user to transfer a right ofpossession to a digital content item to another user in accordance withone or more user-specified transaction parameters, according to anembodiment. In an example of FIG. 1, system 100 includes a mobilecomputing device 110 and a network service 120. The network service 120can include multiple servers and other computing resources that providevarious e-book services, including services in which e-books are sold,re-sold, borrowed, shared, downloaded and/or stored. The mobilecomputing device 110 can correspond to any computing device on which ane-book can be rendered and consumed. For example, the mobile computingdevice 110 can correspond to a tablet, telephony/messaging device (e.g.,smart phone) or portable computing device. The mobile computing device110 can run an e-reader component 114 that links the device to thenetwork service 120 and enables e-books provided through the service tobe viewed and consumed.

In some implementations, the mobile computing device 110 is equippedwith hardware and software to optimize reading electronic content,including e-books. For example, the mobile computing device 110 can havea tablet like form factor, although variations are possible. In somecases, the mobile computing device 110 can also have an electronic papertype display (e.g., E-ink display).

The network service 120 can include a device interface 128, whichcommunicates with individual devices that access the service. Amongother resources, the network service 120 can include a network e-bookstore 122 and a user account store 124. The user account store 124 canassociate computing device 110 with a user and an account 125. Theaccount 125 can also be associated with one or more e-books, which canbe stored in the network e-book store 122. As described further, theuser account store 124 can retain metadata for individual accounts 125to identify e-books that have been purchased or made available forconsumption for a given account. As described with many examples, themetadata can include supplemental transaction information, such aswhether the user has purchased or otherwise acquired the right tore-transfer an e-book.

The mobile computing device 110 may be associated with the user account125, and multiple devices may be associated with the same account. Asdescribed in greater detail below, the mobile computing device 110 canstore e-books that are purchased or otherwise made available to the userof the mobile computing device 110. The mobile computing device 110 canalso locally store other metadata and account information, such asmetadata that identifies which e-books the user has the right tore-transfer (e.g., re-sell e-book).

In some embodiments, the network service 120 communicates with anapplication or other functionality provided on the mobile computingdevice 110 in order to enable a user to conduct purchasing activity fordigital content items made available from or through the network service120. Specific examples of purchasing activity that can be enabled formobile computing device 110 include the ability of the user to purchaseor otherwise download digital content items, such as e-books, as well asthe ability of the user to re-sell or transfer rights to such digitalcontent items to other users. Still further, other types of activitiesthat can be enabled for mobile computing device 110 include an abilityto share an experience with the digital content item with otherlike-minded users.

According to some embodiments, network service 120 can include the webinterface 130, a purchasing interface 132, and a transfer manager 134.The purchasing interface 132 can provide functionality to enable usersto access and utilize the network e-book store 122. The purchasinginterface 132 can be provided as, for example, an online store whichinterfaces or otherwise uses the network e-book store 122. By way ofexample, the purchasing interface 132 enables a user to perform variouskinds of purchasing activity, including activity to search for e-books,read reviews, make purchases for e-books, and purchase or otherwiseacquire right to re-sell purchased e-book. For example, the user canpurchase an e-book by making payment and then downloading a digital copyof the e-book to a device associated with the user's account. Thepurchasing interface 132 can include functionality for linking a useraccount so as to enable payment, as well as to link a purchase orotherwise downloaded digital content item with the user's account 125.In some examples, multiple devices may be associated with the user'saccount 125, and the purchased digital content item can be downloadedand/or made available to each device that is associated with theparticular user account.

In implementation, mobile computing device 110 can be operated tocommunicate with device interface 128 to access the purchasing interface132. For example, the user can operate the mobile computing device 110to access the online bookstore for an e-reader, or alternatively, for atablet on which an e-reader application is provided. In oneimplementation, the user can operate an application on the mobilecomputing device 110 to specify to network service 120 an identifier 107that can be used to determine a user's account. For example, theapplication running on the mobile computing device 110 can be associatedwith a login that is shared by the user's account, or alternatively thenetwork service 120 can use the identifier 107 transmitted by the mobilecomputing device 110 to link to the user's account (e.g., link toaccount identifier 115).

In variations, the user can access the purchasing interface 132 throughthe web interface 130. For example, the user can access a websitecorresponding to network service 120, and then make a purchase of aparticular digital content item using account identifier 115. Thus,according to various implementations, a user can perform different kindsof purchasing activity through, for example, either the mobile computingdevice 110 (e.g., application on the mobile computing device) or webbrowser (to access website).

In one example, a purchasing input 111 can be generated from the mobilecomputing device 110 in response to use input. On the network service120, the purchasing input 111 can be communicated via the deviceinterface 128 to the purchasing interface 132. The purchasing input 111can be directed towards a purchasing activity, such as a search for ane-book, or a request to purchase an e-book, etc. Alternatively, thepurchasing input 111 can originate from a user accessing a correspondingwebsite and using a web browser, and communicated to the network service120 using a web interface 130 (e.g., web page). The purchasing input 111can be linked to the account identifier 115 of the user, which can beassociated with user information stored in the user account store 124.The user information can include transaction information such as theuser's credit card account etc.

According to examples described herein, a user can access the networkservice 120 to (i) purchase or otherwise acquire an e-book (or otherform of digital content item), (ii) transfer right of possession to ane-book, and/or (iii) publish an offer to transfer the right ofpossession to an e-book (e.g., user can publish book available to beborrowed or purchased from user library). The purchasing of the e-bookcan correspond to the user acquiring a right of possession to read thee-book. In one example, the purchasing input 111 can specify (or becorrelated to) the account identifier 115 and a purchased e-book 117(e.g., specific e-book that is being purchased). The purchasinginterface 132 can record the user's purchasing activity in connectionwith, for example, a purchased e-book 117. Thus, for example, when theuser elects to purchase an e-book 117, the transaction can be recordedin the user account store 124 using the account identifier 115 and anidentifier for the purchased e-book 117.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, the network service 120 can act as anintermediary that enables transfer of e-books amongst users. As anintermediary, the network service 120 can manage the right of transferand other digital management considerations. Additionally, the networkservice 120 can handle transfer of funds as between users.

According to some embodiments, the computing device 110 can includecomponents for communicating with and utilizing services provided by thenetwork service 120. In example of FIG. 1, the computing device 110includes a service interface 112, an e-reader component 114, a datastore 168 that stores a collection of locally stored e-books 113, and atransfer interface 166. The components of the mobile computing device110 can be provided by, for example, one or more applications that runon the mobile computing device.

In an embodiment, the service interface 112 operates to programmaticallylocate the network service 120 over one or more networks (e.g., wirelessor cellular network and/or Internet). The service interface 112 alsooperates to communicate and receive communications (e.g., requests,instructions) and data (e.g., e-books) from the network service 120.Among other functions, the service interface 112 signals the identifier107 that links the particular mobile computing device 110 to thecorresponding user account.

The data store 168 can be implemented with memory resources of thecomputing device. Downloaded e-books, for example, can be communicatedfrom the service interface 112 to the data store 168. At least some ofthe e-books 113 include a content portion and a metadata portion forproviding a computer-generated visual representation of the e-book. Forexample, individual e-books 113 can include one or more content files165 and one or more metadata files 167.

The transfer interface 166 enables the user to (i) select an e-book 159for transfer, (ii) specify transaction parameters 161 to publish anoffer for an e-book, and/or (ii) specify transaction parameters 161 totransfer a right of possession to an e-book in the user's collection(e.g., stored with the collection 168) to another user. In someembodiments, the user can provide input to specify transactionparameters 161, such as a transaction type, through use of the transferinterface 166. The transaction type can correspond to one of a temporarytransfer or a permanent transfer. A temporary transfer can correspond tothe user renting or allowing another user to borrow an e-book. Theduration of the transfer can coincide with, for example, apre-determined duration (e.g., 1 week) or with satisfaction of apre-determined condition (e.g., until transferor requests e-book returnor recipient completes e-book). The pre-determined duration or conditioncan be specified by the user, recipient or set through default.

Still further, as described with some examples, the transfer type can bespecified as an exchange. With an exchange, the network service 120 canpair the transfer of rights as between e-books on different useraccounts. The transfer of rights involved in the exchange can be eitherpermanent or temporary.

Another transaction parameter 161 that can be specified through thetransfer interface 166 includes an amount of the transaction. Forexample, the user can specify a desired transaction price for an offer,or an actual transaction type (for a transaction that is completed). Thetransaction price can correspond to a sale price or a rental price.

Still further, another transaction parameter 1612 that can be specifiedthrough the transfer interface 166 includes a calendar or scheduleinput. For example, the transfer parameters 161 can specify a date onwhich an offer for an e-book transfer is valid, or valid through. Thetransfer parameter 161 can alternatively specify, for example, aduration that an e-book can be borrowed, or is to be borrowed.

In one embodiment, transfer interface 166 signals (via service interface112) a transfer request 135 to the network service 120. The transferrequest 135 can be handled by the transfer manager 134 of the networkservice 120. The transfer request 135 can be made at one time, or in aseries of communications, including a request that makes a preliminarydetermination as to whether the user can transfer the specified e-book(e.g., user cannot re-transfer e-book acquired from another user ife-book is limited to one transfer per sale; user cannot re-transferborrowed e-book etc.). Thus, if the user does not have the right totransfer the e-book, the preliminary response 147 from the transfermanager 134 of network service 120 can be to deny the request.

In some implementations, the transfer request 135 can correspond to arequest to make an offer available to a user, or group of users. As anaddition or alternative, the transfer request 135 can correspond to arequest to transfer an e-book 155 for which the user has previouslypurchased. Accordingly, transfer request 135 can specify the user (ortransferor) account 145, and the particular e-book 155 that the user isrequesting to transfer. The request can also specify transactionparameters 161, such as the transaction type (e.g., permanent ortemporary), the transaction price and/or other conditions of thetransfer. Additionally, the request 135 can specify the account orlocation of the transferee. In some implementations, the transfermanager 134 references the request 135 to the user-account store 124 inorder to determine if the user has the right to transfer the specifiede-book (e.g., whether the e-book was purchased by the user, and/orwhether the user purchased an option for the e-book). Assuming the userhas the right to purchase the e-book, the transfer manager 134implements operations to transfer the e-book.

Based on the transaction type, the transfer request can be temporary(e.g., reversed at a later time) or permanent. The transfer manager 134can implement processes to enable or facilitate the transfer of e-booksamongst users in accordance with rules that preclude unauthorizedduplication of the e-book amongst different user accounts. The transfermanager 134 can include processes for implementing the transfer ofrights to a particular e-book from one user to another, in accordancewith rights management policies of, for example, the e-book publisherand/or network service 120. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, manye-books provided through the network service 120 may be provided with aright of possession that is specific to a user or an account. In manycases, for example, the right of possession allows the user to obtaincopies on one or more devices that are linked to the user's account.Typically, however, the right of possession conveyed from the networkservice 120 prohibits or limits the ability of the user to copy orduplicate the e-book on other computing devices that are not linked tothe user's account.

Additionally, the transfer manager 134 implements the transfer of theright of possession in accordance with specific transactions parameter161 provided through the transfer interface 166 of the mobile computingdevice 110. The specified transaction parameters 161 can includetransaction type, conditional parameters, pricing, calendar informationetc. Temporary transactions, for example, can be implemented when oneuser allows another user to borrow or rent an e-book. Permanenttransactions, for example, include transaction types such as re-sellingor exchanging e-books.

In implementing the transfer, the transfer manager 134 signals transfercontrol 119 to the computing device 110 to delete or lock at leastaccess to a transferred (or to be transferred) content item. Forexample, the transfer control 119 can lock the content portion 165 ofthe e-book 113 that is being transferred. The transfer manager 134 canalso implement the transfer by disassociating the specified e-book 155in the transfer request 135 from the transferor user account 125.

For permanent transfers, the transfer manager 134 can trigger thetransfer control 119 to (i) delete or lock at least the content portionof a digital content item on one or more devices of the transferor user;and/or (ii) add the digital content item to the account of the recipientof the user (e.g., enable the recipient user to download the e-book at alater time).

For temporary transfers, the transfer manager 134 can implement aninitial transfer as between the transferor user and the recipient user,then implement a partial or full reversal of the transfer once one ormore conditions of the transfer are satisfied. In one implementation,the transfer manager 134 triggers the transfer control 119 to add orunlock the digital content item on the one or more devices of thetransferor user. Additionally, the transfer manager 134 can trigger thetransfer control 119 to delete or lock the digital content item on thedevice(s) associated with the account of the recipient of the user. Theconditions for implementing the reverse transaction include, forexample, (i) completion of a duration of time specified by thetransferor user at the initial transaction (e.g., how long an e-book canbe borrowed), (ii) input from one or both of the users, or (iii)detection of an event, such as the recipient user completing the e-book.

For transaction types that correspond to exchanges, the transfer manager134 can implement two sets of transfers, which can be either permanentor temporary. One set of transfers deletes or locks a first e-book onthe device(s) of a first user, then adds or unlocks the first e-book onthe device(s) of a second user. Another set of transfers deletes orlocks a second e-book on the device(s) of the second user, then adds orunlocks the second e-book on the device(s) of the first user.

The transfer manager 134 can also perform steps to add or associate thesubject e-book to the transferee account 157. For example, thetransferee may have an existing account with the user account store 124,and the transfer manager 134 may associate data in the user accountstore 124 to enable the transferee user to download the e-book from thenetwork e-book store 122 (e.g., through the purchasing interface 132).Alternatively, the transfer manager 134 can implement, or communicatewith other processes that implement issuance of a coupon or receipt forredemption of the e-book from an online bookstore.

In implementing processes to transfer the right of possession from oneuser (transferor) to another (recipient), the transfer manager 134 canalso implement conditions or criteria of the transfer. Such conditionsor criteria can include those that need to be satisfied initially, suchas fund transfer or exchange. Additionally, the conditions or criteriainclude those that may be satisfied after the transfer is implemented,such as the passage of time (for temporary transfers).

Additionally, the transfer manager 134 can perform steps fordistributing funds in connection with the transfer. In one embodiment,the transfer request 135 (or follow on communication) specifies fundsthat are (or are to be) exchanged between the transferor and thetransferee. Depending on implementation, the transfer manager 134 candistribute funds using a variety of formulas or distribution algorithms.For example, a designated portion of the proceeds can be distributed tothe publisher and/or operator of the network service 120.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a mobile computing device in accordancewith examples described herein. A computing device 200 can include aprocessor 210, a network interface 220, a display 230, one or more inputmechanisms 240, and a memory 250. The processor 210 can utilize thenetwork interface 220 to communicate with a network service 120 (seeFIG. 1). Accordingly, the computing device 200 provides an example ofmobile computing device 110 (as shown with FIG. 1), for use with networkservice 120. In communicating with the network service 120, the mobilecomputing device 200 can receive e-books 221 that the user has purchasedor otherwise selected to download from the network service.

In some embodiments, the e-books 221 can be provided with a lockingmechanism 231 that enables at least the content portion of the contentitems to be locked from user access. The locking mechanism 231 can betriggered (e.g., from a network) to lock the e-books. For example, thenetwork service 120 may provide transfer control signal 223 to lock thelocking mechanism 231 of a given e-book 221.

The memory 250 includes instruction memory for storing instructions fromwhich programmatic operations are performed by the processor 210. Amongother functionality, the memory 250 can store instructions that enablethe processor 210 to implement programs in accordance with an example ofFIG. 1 or FIG. 3.

Additionally, the e-books 221 that are downloaded onto the mobilecomputing device 200 may be stored in the memory 250. The memory 250 canprovide a data store that stores records corresponding to individuale-books. The individual records of each e-book can link content filesand metadata files.

The processor 210 can execute programs by reading instructions from thememory 250. Additionally, the processor 210 may perform read operationson the memory 250 in order to retrieve stored e-books to 221. Theretrieved e-books 221 can be rendered on the display 230.

The display 230 can correspond to, for example, a liquid crystal display(LCD) that illuminates in order to provide content generated fromprocessor 210. In alternative variations, for example, the display 230can correspond to an electronic paper type display, which can bedesigned to mimic conventional paper in the manner in which they displaycontent. Examples of such display technologies include electrophoreticdisplays, electrowetting displays, and electrofluidic displays. Examplesdescribed herein further appreciate that the media in which electronictype displays are provided can vary, and include, for example, plasticor paper combined with transistor elements or other circuitry.

In some embodiments, the user may operate the mobile computing device200 to enter input corresponding to purchasing activities 209. Suchactivities can include purchasing e-books 221, re-selling (or offeringfor resale) purchased e-books, and acquiring options to re-sellpurchased e-books. In one implementation, an application on thecomputing device 200 enables the user to access an online bookstore. Theuser may have an account established with the online bookstore. The usermay operate the mobile computing device 200 to view and/or purchasede-books for consumption on the device (as well as other devices that maybe linked to the same account). For example, the user may be able topurchase an e-book by operating an application on the computing device200. In response to purchasing an e-book, the e-book 221 mayautomatically be downloaded to the device 200. As described withexamples, each downloaded e-book 221 can include a content portion and ametadata portion. When the user downloads the e-book, the user may alsoacquire the right to read the content portion of the e-book.

In some embodiments, the user can also enter input to transfer 229 apurchased or downloaded e-book. The transfer 229 can be specified withone or more transaction parameters 219, such as parameters thatdesignate a transaction type (e.g., temporary or permanent), transactionprice, schedule or calendar and/or price. Typically, the downloading ofthe e-book is specific to a user, user device or user account. Once thee-book is transferred, the computing device 200 can receive transfercontrol signal 223 from the network service 120. The transfer controlsignal 223 can cause, for example, any one or more of the following: (i)delete the content portions of the local copy of a specified e-book thatwas transferred, (ii) disable or programmatically lock the contentportions of the contents (e.g., preclude viewing of some or all pages ofan e-book) of an e-book that was transferred, or (iii) disable/deletesome but not all content (e.g., enable viewing of insert of selectpages, first chapter etc.) portions of the transferred e-book. In someembodiments, the locking mechanism 231 provided with the individuale-book can be signaled to lock, so as to preclude user access to thecontent portion of the corresponding e-book.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example device system to provide an interface tospecify one or more transaction parameters for transferring e-books toother users, according to an embodiment. In reference to FIG. 3, Inreference to FIG. 3, a mobile computing device can implement the system300 using programmatic components that enable communications with ane-book service (such as network service 120, shown in FIG. 1). In anexample, the mobile computing system 300 can implement programmaticcomponents for implementing purchasing activities that includepurchasing e-books, and implementing transfer of rights to purchasede-books. The mobile computing system 300 can implement some or all ofits purchasing activities through communications with an e-book service(such as network service 120, shown in FIG. 1).

In an example of FIG. 3, the mobile computing system 300 includes a userinterface 310, an e-book management module 320, a local memory 330, anda service interface 340. In some implementations, the programmaticcomponents shown with the computing system 300 can be provided as partof an application that runs on the computing system 300. For example,the user can download an application onto mobile computing device, toobtain functionality such as described herein, as well as to communicatewith a network service 120. Alternatively, the application can beembedded or otherwise preinstalled with other programmatic elements forproviding such functionality on a computing device. Still further, insome variations, some or all of the functionality described with themobile computing system 300 can be implemented on or through a networkservice 120.

The service interface 340 includes application and logic which enablesthe device to use, for example, a wireless Internet connection, toconnect to the network service 120 (see FIG. 1). In connecting with theservice, the service interface 340 can transmit data that enables thenetwork service 120 to identify mobile computing system 300 (oralternatively the user) so that the network service 120 can determinethe account associated with the mobile computing device. The serviceinterface 340 can be used to retrieve e-books 325 from the networkservice 120. For example, in identifying the mobile computing system 300to the network service 120, the network service procures (or usesstored) payment information (e.g., stored credit card) that can be usedto charge users account when purchasing a new e-book. Each e-book 325can correspond to, for example, a literary work, having pagination andchapter designations. Optional media components, such as images, canalso be included in the e-book. Other forms of text-based content whichcan be implemented in connection with examples described herein includeelectronic magazines and electronic comic books. Other kinds of digitalcontent items can also be used in connection with examples such asdescribed with FIG. 3, including audio and/or video media (e.g., songs,televisions shows, movies).

The mobile computing system 300 stores acquired e-books 325 in the localmemory 330. In one example, each e-book 325 is associated with a record326 that links a set of files, including a metadata file 328 and acontent file 332. Additionally, each e-book 325 can be provided with alocking mechanism 333, which enables at least the content portion of thee-book to be locked. The metadata file(s) 328 can include textinformation about the content file 332, such as, for example, an authorof the e-book, a title, summary and reviews. The metadata 328 can alsoinclude imagery for generating, for example, an iconic visualrepresentation of the e-book. The imagery can, for example, be derivedfrom an illustration provided by a publisher (or publishing or creativesource) of the particular e-book in the context of marketing the e-bookor an alternative medium counterpart (e.g., hardback, paperback etc.).In some embodiments, the content 332 corresponds to one or more filesthat specify pages or chapters of the e-book 325. Likewise, the metadata328 include files that include the supplementary information, such asthe imagery or jacket art.

In identifying the mobile computing system 300, the network service 120can identify what e-books belong to the account of that device. E-books325 that are transmitted to the mobile computing system 300 includethose that are purchased from the device, such as those that the userpurchased directly from or through the network service 120. Invariations, e-books 325 can be automatically downloaded to the device inresponse to the occurrence of certain conditions. For example, the usercan purchase an e-book on another device, and then subsequently connectto the network service 120 via the mobile computing system 300 toautomatically receive their previously purchased e-book. Alternatively,network service 120 can be configured to push e-books to the mobilecomputing system 300, based on, for example, user account settings,subscription rules, and various other business logic considerations. Thee-book management module 320 can manage the storage of downloadede-books in the local memory of the mobile computing system 300 forsubsequent use.

In some embodiments, the user interface 310 includes functionalitycorresponding to an online market interface 308, an e-reader 312, atransfer interface 314 and a library interface 316. The online marketinterface 308 may provide a link (e.g., via service interface 340) tonetwork service 120 to enable the user to readily access an online storefor e-books. The online market interface 308 can enable the user topurchase e-books, and to effect downloads of purchased e-books to theuser device. For example, the online market interface 308 may displaycontent corresponding to a catalog of e-books available through thenetwork service 120. The user can generate a purchasing request 337 thatidentifies the selected e-book for purchase. The purchasing request 337may trigger the network service 120 to charge a user account and providethe selected e-book 325 for download on the user device. In someimplementations, the download of the selected e-book 325 provides theuser with a right to transfer the right of possession to that e-book toanother user, either temporarily or permanently.

The e-reader 312 includes functionality for displaying content of ane-book (e.g., pages). The e-reader 312 can also include otherfunctionality, including enabling interaction such as page or chapterturns, and social media sharing.

The transfer interface 314 enables the user to enter input to initiateor direct a transfer of an e-book in the user's possession to anotheruser to another user. In one implementation, the transfer interface 314enables the user to specify the e-book, and to communicate the intentfor the user to re-transfer the e-book. The user can issue a transferrequest 327 via the transfer interface 314, to request the networkservice 120 enable or otherwise provide for the transfer of thespecified e-book.

Depending on implementation, other information can be specified throughthe transfer request 327, such as the identity of the transferee (e.g.,account of transferee) and conditions of the transfer (e.g., re-sellprice, gift, etc.). For example, the transfer interface 314 can specifythat the network service publish an offer on behalf of the user thatidentifies an e-book for which the user wishes to transfer, as well asterms (e.g., price, type of transfer) for the offer. Additionally, thetransfer interface 314 can specify a transferee account for a user whois to receive the e-book.

Still further, in some examples, the transfer interface 314 enablesusers to specify transaction parameters 329. Examples of transactionparameters include (i) transaction type (e.g., sale, loan, exchange),(ii) conditions for transfer (e.g., upon receipt of funds, after setdate), (iii) calendar input as to when the transaction can be initiatedor completed (e.g., window of time), and/or (iv) transaction price orexchange criteria.

In some variations, the user can also operate the transfer interface 314to generate an offer for the transaction. An offer can specifyconditions or criteria corresponding to the transaction parameters 329,but implementation of the transaction may be delayed until the offer isaccepted. In such implementations, the transfer interface 314 canspecify parameters specific to offer, such as the medium for which theoffer is to be communicated, or the group of persons who are eligible toreceive the offer or respond to the offer.

The e-book management module 320 manages the storage of e-books 325.When the user issues the transfer request 327, the user may specify thetransferee. Depending on implementation, either the network service 120or the mobile computing system 300 can signal that a transfer is ineffect (e.g., transfer made). In one implementation, the network service120 can signal transfer control 339 to the e-book management module 320.The transfer control 339 can cause the e-book management module 320 tosignal to delete or lock at least the content portions 332 of theparticular e-book 325 that was subject to the transfer. For example, thetransfer control 339 can cause the e-book management module 320 to lockthe content portion (or portions thereof) of the e-book, so that, forexample, the jacket or graphic art and other metadata associated withthe e-book remains. For example, in some implementations, the lockingmechanism 333 provided with a specific e-book that is being transferredcan be triggered to a locked state. As an addition or alternative, thecontent portions 332 of specified e-books 325 can be deleted or disabledwithout deleting or disabling the metadata portions 328 of the samee-books.

In some variations, the metadata portions 328 of all acquired e-bookscan be made available to functionality such as provided by the libraryinterface 316. The library interface 316 can display visualrepresentations of all previously acquired e-books, including thosee-books that the user retransferred (e.g., gifted or resold), using themetadata portions 328 of e-books identified in the collection (e.g.,stored in local memory 330). At the same time, those e-books that havebeen retransferred may have some or all of the corresponding contentportions 332 deleted or disabled (e.g., locked).

According to embodiments, the transfer control 339 can be communicatedto the e-book management module 320 as a programmatic directivegenerated from, for example, network service 120. In a variation, thetransfer control 339 can be communicated to the e-book manager as aninternally generated response to a detected user action.

In some variations, the user-interface 310 and/or e-book managementmodule 320 can include or provide additional functionality or indicia tovisual representations of e-books that have been transferred. Forexample, the metadata 328 associated with a transferred e-book can beprovided an (i) an indicia indicative of the transferred status of aparticular e-book, and (ii) an active link or other selectable featureto the network service 120 for purpose of identifying the transferrede-book and triggering an automatic re-acquisition process (e.g.,re-purchase, terminate exchange or loan/temporary transfer). This allowsfor the user to reacquire the e-book at a later date.

Methodology

FIG. 4 illustrates an example method for providing e-books withprogrammatic controls to enable users to re-transfer the e-books inaccordance with user-specified transaction parameters, according to anembodiment. FIG. 5 illustrates an example method for operating acomputing device in order to enable a user to specify transactionparameters for the retransfer of an e-book, according to an embodiment.Examples such as described by FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 may be implemented usingcomponents such as described with FIG. 1, FIG. 2, or FIG. 3.Accordingly, reference may be made to elements of other figures forpurpose of illustrating suitable elements or components for performing astep or sub-step being described.

With reference to FIG. 4, an e-book may be provided to a computingdevice associated with an account of the user with a programmaticlocking mechanism (410). For example, in some embodiments, an e-bookdownloaded from the network service 120 can include one or more contentfiles and/or metadata files which include an encrypted key that can belocked or unlocked. The network service 120 can signal controls whichlock or unlock the locking mechanism of the e-book on a given userdevice, or set of user devices associated with the user account.

At a given instance, the network service may receive a request totransfer an e-book that is in the possession of a first user (420). Forexample, the first user may request to transfer an e-book that he or shehas downloaded onto a given device. Depending on the implementation, thetransfer request from the user can be received as, for example, one of(i) a conditional offer, that the network service 120 can attempt tofulfill (e.g., published to solicit responses from users of the networkservice), or (ii) a request to complete a specific transfer (e.g.identify transferee by account).

In communicating the request, the user may specify one or moretransaction parameters that are to be in effect for the transfer (422).One type of transaction parameters that can be specified by the userincludes a type of transaction. Other kinds of transaction parametersthat can be specified by the user include, for example, the price forthe transaction and scheduling parameters. The transaction parameterscan be entered through, for example, an interface component of anapplication on a user device. When the transfer request corresponds to aconditional offer, the transaction parameters can designate, forexample, criteria that must be met in order for the transfer to takeplace to another user. When the transfer request is to complete aspecific transfer, the transaction parameters can specify facets thatare to be implemented in affecting the transfer in the right ofpossession to a specific e-book.

The network service 120 can implement a transfer in the right ofpossession to an e-book based on the transaction parameters (430). Inparticular, the network service 120 can determine and implement thetransfer in the right of possession of a given e-book by transactiontype, as specified by the user. The transaction types can include atemporary transfer (432) or a permanent transfer (434). A temporarytransfer can correspond to a loan or rental of an e-book. A permanenttransfer can correspond to a sale or gift between one user and another.

Another type of transaction that can be specified by user input includeswhether the transfer is to be for monetary considerations (436), or asan exchange (438). In particular, some embodiments enable the user tospecify input that designates then e-book is to be exchanged for one ormore other e-books.

In implementing the transaction type (specified by the transactionparameters of the user), the network service may perform operations thatinclude locking the e-book on the account of the first user (e.g., userwho submits transfer request) (440), and providing (e.g., enabling fordownload) and unlocking the same e-book on the account of a second userwhom is to acquire the right of possession from the first user (442). Insome embodiments, a copy of the e-book residing on the device (ordevices) of the first user is programmatically locked. For example, theencryption key needed to access the content portion of the e-book can bechanged by the network service 120. The result is that the first usercan no longer access the e-book while that e-book is in a locked state.At the same time, the second user may be provided the same e-book fordownload on his or her device (or devices). As with the first user, thedownload of the e-book may include a locking mechanism.

With regard to the second user, the locking mechanism can be set to anunlocked state in order to enable the second user to receive thetransfer in the right of possession from the first user. In some cases,the transfer to the second user may be immediate upon the second userdownloading the e-book, in which case the e-book may be provided in anunlocked state. In other cases, the transfer may be conditional, so thatthe second user may need to comply with conditions or criteria (e.g.,such as specified by the transaction parameters of the first user) inorder to access the transferred e-book. For example, the second user mayneed to communicate funds to the first user after receiving the e-bookdownload, and upon communicating the funds, the e-book may be unlockedfor the second user. In some embodiments, the unlocking of the e-bookwith the first user account and the unlocking of the e-book with thesecond user account can be timed so as to be substantially synchronized.Likewise, in a temporary transfer, the reverse sequence of events canoccur when the duration of the exchange is complete.

Depending on the transaction type specified by the transactionparameters, additional steps may be implemented in order to complete thetransaction. The duration of the transaction itself (and resulting stepsneeded) may vary depending on the transaction type. If the transactiontype is temporary, the network service 120 may determine whentermination conditions exist for ending the temporary transfer (450),then reverse the transaction when the condition is satisfied. In oneimplementation, the transaction is reversed when the e-book is unlockedwith the original transferor, and locked for the recipient/second user(452). For example, the transferor user can specify that the second userreceives the e-book for a given duration of time (e.g., one week). Asanother example, the transferor can specify a condition, such as thesecond user completing the transferred e-book. The condition can betracked by the network service and/or programmatically embedded withcode include on the transferred e-book (e.g., program file included withe-book), or with the client application (e.g., e-reader 312).

In an example in which the condition for the temporary transfercorresponds to a duration of time, the network service 120 may, forexample, automatically track when the timing condition specified in thetransaction parameters are complete, then signal the respective devicesof the transferor/recipient devices to unlock/lock. Alternatively, thee-book or the client application may carry triggers and programmatictiming mechanisms for implementing the transfer, as configured by thetransaction parameters.

According to some implementations, if the transaction type is anexchange, then the network service 120 can implement steps to performtwo transactions in a coordinated fashion. In one implementation, forexample, the transfer request 327 of the first user identifies a seconduser, and a second e-book (or e-books) of the second user that are to besubject to the exchange (460). As a condition to the exchange, thesecond user may agree to provide a similar exchange request. Inimplementing the exchange, the network service 120 can signal the deviceor devices of the second user to lock the second e-book (or e-books) onthe devices associated with the second user's account. At the same time,the second e-book (or e-books) can be trigged for download on the firstuser's device (or devices). Thus, the second e-book is unlocked on thefirst user's device (462). The exchange can be implemented as either atemporary or permanent transaction.

While examples described with FIG. 4 provide for use of the networkservice 120, the transfer of e-books amongst users can be implementedusing alternatives network environments. For example, the e-book filesand/or client applications can implement locking and/or unlockingmechanisms, in connection with maintaining the right of possession to ane-book with one user at a time. Furthermore, e-books may be transferredfrom one user to another user through use of peer-to-peer connections,rather than through download from network service 120. These and othersuch variations can be implemented in the context of numerous examplesprovided herein.

With reference to FIG. 5, a computing device having e-readerfunctionality can be operated in a manner that enables a user totransfer the right of possession of a given an e-book to another user,in accordance with transaction parameters specified by the user. In oneimplementation, the computing device can operate as an e-reader deviceand communicate with network service 120 to receive various servicesrelated to the use of e-books (510). In communicating with a networkservice, the computing device can identify itself, and further requestservices such as to download e-books, and/or to transfer e-books toother users. The identifier communicated by the e-reader device can beassociated with an account. The communication between the e-readerdevice and the network service 120 can include communications over theInternet. By way of example, the e-reader device can correspond to anE-ink device with primary functionality for displaying text content. Invariations, the computing device can operate one or more applicationsthat provide e-book functionality on the device.

The computing device can provide an interface to enable a user totransfer an e-book that is downloaded onto that device or otherwiseassociated with the account linked to the computing device (520). FIG. 6illustrates an example of a transaction interface that can beimplemented on the computing device. Depending on implementation, thetransaction interface can be provided as, for example, a user-interfaceprovided through execution of an application or through a series offunctional components provided with multiple interfaces of anapplication or device.

Based on input received through the transaction interface, the user canspecify a transaction, including a set of transaction parameters (530).From the input, the computing device identifies an e-book that the useris intending to transfer (532), a transaction price for the transaction(534) and/or a transaction type (536). The transaction type can includetemporary or permanent transactions, such as loans or transfers. Thetransaction type can also specify an exchange or a fund transfer.

Once the transaction and the transaction parameters are determined, thetransaction can be implemented. According to some embodiments, thetransaction information, including the transaction parameters arecommunicated to the network service 120 (540). The network service 120then implements the transaction parameters, including triggeringcontrols to lock/unlock the e-books on the appropriate devices andaccounts.

Transaction Interface

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a transaction interface for enabling auser to specify transaction parameters for generating an offer totransfer an e-book to another user, according to an embodiment. Anexample interface such as shown with FIG. 6 can be provided by, forexample, the user interface 310 of the mobile computing system 300 (seeFIG. 3), or through the e-reader component 114 of the mobile computingdevice 110 (see FIG. 1).

In an embodiment, a transaction interface 600 includes a libraryinterface 602 and a selection mechanism 604. The library interface 602can display visual representations (e.g., through metadata filesassociated with individual e-books) of e-books in the user collection.In examples described herein, one or more (but not necessarily all) ofthe e-books can be associated with an ability for user to transfer thecorresponding right of possession to another user. The selectionmechanism 604 can enable the user to select the e-book for transferthrough, for example, a click and drag operation or file selectioninterface.

In selecting the e-book, the user can specify a set of transactionparameters for implementing the transaction. In particular, a set oftransaction type options 612 can enable the user to select the type oftransaction, such as sell, rent (as an example of temporary transaction)or trade. A price feature 614 enables the user to specify the desiredprice or price range for an e-book that the user is seeking to transfer.

The user can also specify one or more scheduling parameters 618. Forexample, the scheduling parameters 618 include a date range for atransaction offer, corresponding to when an e-book is made available forother users who wish to purchase the e-book.

Additionally, the user can specify transaction parameters 622corresponding to a forum or medium for where the transaction offer ismade available. Alternatively, a feature 624 can enable the user canspecify a particular individual (e.g., by email address) to receive thetransaction offer.

The user can submit the transaction offer. If accepted, the transactioncan be implemented in accordance with the transaction parametersspecified by the user. For example, a transaction can be implemented asan exchange, or as a rental, depending on selections made by the user.When implemented, a process such as described with, for example, FIG. 4or FIG. 5 may be implemented in order to execute the transaction inaccordance with user-specified parameters.

Although illustrative embodiments have been described in detail hereinwith reference to the accompanying drawings, variations to specificembodiments and details are encompassed by this disclosure. It isintended that the scope of embodiments described herein be defined byclaims and their equivalents. Furthermore, it is contemplated that aparticular feature described, either individually or as part of anembodiment, can be combined with other individually described features,or parts of other embodiments. Thus, absence of describing combinationsshould not preclude the inventor(s) from claiming rights to suchcombinations.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: circuitry configured to:receive a request from a first user to transfer a right of possession toa first digital content item in accordance with one or more parametersspecified by the first user, wherein the first digital content itemincludes a content portion and a metadata portion at least fordisplaying a visual representation of the first digital content item; inresponse to receiving the request, preclude user access to at least thecontent portion of the first digital content item on one or morecomputing devices associated with an account of the first user inaccordance with the one or more parameters specified by the first user;and provide the visual representation of the first digital content itemon a display of at least one of the one or more computing devices basedon the metadata portion of the first digital content item, along withone or more indicia indicating that the first digital content item hasbeen subject to the transfer of the right of possession.
 2. The systemof claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to: in responseto receiving the request, identify the first digital content item on adevice of a recipient who receives the right of possession to the firstdigital content item from the first user; and signal the device of therecipient to allow user access to the content portion of the firstdigital content item.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or moreparameters specified by the first user include a duration during whichan identified recipient has the right of possession to the first digitalcontent item, and wherein the circuitry is further configured to signalthe device of the first user to preclude user access to the contentportion of the first digital content item for a time period that isbased on the duration.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the circuitryis further configured to signal the device of the recipient to precludeuser access to the content portion of the first digital content itemafter the time period that is based on the duration.
 5. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to: provide auser-interface for configuring a transaction for transferring the rightof possession to the first digital content item; and identify, from auser selection made through the user-interface, (i) the first digitalcontent item, (ii) a transaction type for transferring the right ofpossession to the first digital content item, and (iii) a transactionprice.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the transaction type includes apermanent transfer or a temporary transfer.
 7. The system of claim 6,wherein the circuitry is further configured to: collect funds from therecipient based on the transaction type; and transfer at least a portionof the funds to the first user.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein thecircuitry is further configured to: process the request from the firstuser to transfer the right of possession by at least (i) identifying arecipient of the right of possession to the first digital content item,and (ii) identifying a transaction price.
 9. The system of claim 1,wherein the circuitry is further configured to: process the request fromthe first user to transfer the right of possession by at least (i)identifying a recipient of the right of possession to the first digitalcontent item, and (ii) identifying a second digital content item towhich the recipient has the right of possession and for which the firstdigital content item of the first user is to be exchanged.
 10. Thesystem of claim 9, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:provide the second digital content item to each of the first user and asecond user; and implement an exchange between the first user and thesecond user by (i) signaling the one or more computing devices of thefirst user to preclude user access to the content portion of the firstdigital content item and allow user access to a content portion of thesecond digital content item, and (ii) signaling the one or morecomputing devices of the second user to allow user access to the contentportion of the first digital content item and preclude user access tothe content portion of the second digital content item.
 11. The systemof claim 10, wherein each of the first digital content item and thesecond digital content item corresponds to one of an e-book, anelectronic magazine, electronic comic book, an audio playback contentitem, a video playback content item, or a multimedia game.
 12. A methodcomprising: receiving a request from a first user to transfer a right ofpossession to a first digital content item in accordance with one ormore parameters specified by the first user, wherein the first digitalcontent item includes a content portion and a metadata portion at leastfor displaying a visual representation of the first digital contentitem; in response to receiving the request, precluding user access to atleast the content portion of the first digital content item on one ormore computing devices associated with an account of the first user inaccordance with the one or more parameters specified by the first user;and providing the visual representation of the first digital contentitem on a display of at least one of the one or more computing devicesbased on the metadata portion of the first digital content item, alongwith one or more indicia indicating that the first digital content itemhas been subject to the transfer of the right of possession.
 13. Themethod of claim 12, further comprising: in response to receiving therequest, identifying the first digital content item on a device of arecipient who receives the right of possession to the first digitalcontent item from the first user; and signaling the device of therecipient to allow user access to the content portion of the firstdigital content item.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one ormore parameters specified by the first user include a duration duringwhich an identified recipient has the right of possession to the firstdigital content item, and wherein the circuitry is further configured tosignal the device of the first user to preclude user access to thecontent portion of the first digital content item for a time period thatis based on the duration.
 15. The method of claim 14, furthercomprising: signaling the device of the recipient to preclude useraccess to the content portion of the first digital content item afterthe time period that is based on the duration.
 16. The method of claim12, further comprising: providing a user-interface for configuring atransaction for transferring the right of possession to the firstdigital content item; and identifying, from a user selection madethrough the user-interface, (i) the first digital content item, (ii) atransaction type for transferring the right of possession to the firstdigital content item, and (iii) a transaction price.
 17. The method ofclaim 16, wherein the transaction type includes a permanent transfer ora temporary transfer, and wherein the method further comprises:collecting funds from the recipient based on the transaction type; andtransferring at least a portion of the funds to the first user.
 18. Themethod of claim 12, further comprising: processing the request from thefirst user to transfer the right of possession by at least (i)identifying a recipient of the right of possession to the first digitalcontent item, and (ii) identifying a transaction price.
 19. The methodof claim 12, further comprising: processing the request from the firstuser to transfer the right of possession by at least (i) identifying arecipient of the right of possession to the first digital content item,and (ii) identifying a second digital content item to which therecipient has the right of possession and for which the first digitalcontent item of the first user is to be exchanged.
 20. The method ofclaim 19, further comprising: providing the second digital content itemto each of the first user and a second user; and implementing anexchange between the first user and the second user by (i) signaling theone or more computing devices of the first user to preclude user accessto the content portion of the first digital content item and allow useraccess to a content portion of the second digital content item, and (ii)signaling the one or more computing devices of the second user to allowuser access to the content portion of the first digital content item andpreclude user access to the content portion of the second digitalcontent item.